• Diseases&Conditions
• Procedures & Tests
• Injuries & Symptoms
• Special Topics
• Nutrition

Blaussen Videos
Heart Bypass Surgery Movie

Heart bypass surgery is an open-heart surgery that reroutes or "bypasses" blood around clogged arteries. Arteries are the blood vessels that supply freshly oxygenated blood to the tissues of the body - in this case, the heart muscle.

Over time they can become blocked by a buildup of plaque, a combination of fat, cholesterol, and other substances. This blockage, known as atherosclerosis, interferes with the blood flow, and thus reduces the oxygen supply, to the heart.

Heart bypass surgery, also known as coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), reroutes the blood around these clogged arteries.

How is the procedure performed?

• saphenous vein bypass. A large vein, called the saphenous vein, is removed from one of the legs. One end of the vein is attached to the aorta, the large artery leaving the heart, and the other end is connected to the coronary artery below the blockage.
• internal mammary artery bypass. An artery called the internal mammary artery, located behind the breastbone, is used to bypass the blocked coronary artery.

A heart-lung machine is used during the surgery to keep the blood oxygenated during the time that the heart has been stopped for the surgery.

What happens right after the procedure?

After surgery, the person is taken right away to the intensive care unit, or ICU. He or she will be given medication for the first few hours to make him or her sleep.

When the person awakens, he or she should not be alarmed to find:

• a breathing tube, called an endotracheal tube, down the windpipe. This tube is attached to a ventilator, or artificial breathing machine, to ensure deep breaths and to make it easier for the person to breathe. The tube will be removed when the person is awake, and able to take deep breaths on his or her own.
• a stomach tube, called a nasogastric tube, in the nose to drain the stomach and prevent nausea and stomach swelling
• a narrow tube, called a urinary catheter, in the bladder to measure the amount of the urine the body is making.
• one or two tubes in the chest to prevent fluid build-up
• many intravenous, or IV, lines to give fluids and blood as needed
• a small tube in the wrist to monitor blood pressure closely
• a tube in the neck to monitor how well the heart is pumping and to allow an easy, painless way to draw blood

The person will be given pain medication as needed. On the first day after surgery, many of the tubes will be removed. The person may be transferred to the telemetry unit (the "step-down" unit), if there have been no complications.

In the telemetry unit the person will:

• be asked to breathe deeply and cough often to prevent pneumonia
• be encouraged to sit at the edge of the bed and dangle his or her feet
• have the chest tube and urinary catheter removed
• eat, if possible, starting with clear liquids
• be given pain medication if it is needed
• begin walking within the first few days. This will help to prevent blood clots from forming, and reduce ankle swelling.

The average hospital stay following heart bypass surgery is 4 to 7 days.

What happens later at home?

The recovery time at home will last for about 6 weeks. During this time, the incision will heal slowly, with some redness, tenderness and swelling present for several months.

• have a check-up with the surgeon about 10 to 14 days after the surgery
• take showers instead of baths for the first 2 weeks
• begin a walking program
• avoid lifting and straining for 4 to 6 weeks
• not drive for 3 to 4 weeks
• resume sexual activity as desired after the first check-up with the surgeon
• rest twice a day for the first few weeks, and get 8 to 10 hours of sleep at night
• expect some constipation if pain medication has been used often

This is a good time for a person to make changes to any unhealthy lifestyle habits that may have contributed to his or her heart problem.

• quit smoking if he or she smokes. Smoking after heart bypass surgery increases the risk of the bypass artery clogging again.
• control his or her blood pressure. If medication is prescribed, it should be taken as directed.
• follow a diet low in fat, cholesterol, and sodium.
• lose weight, if needed
• walk or do other exercise each day

What are the potential complications after the procedure?

• infection
• irregular heart beat, or arrhythmia
• bleeding
• clogging or blockage of the graft

These complications can be minimized by good surgical technique and careful pre- and postoperative care in the hands of an experienced medical team.